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Series 66

Series 66 practice exam, Series 66 practice questions and Series 66 test questions for the NASAA combined state law exam

The Series 66 exists to save people who are already taking the Series 7 a second exam and a second fee. It folds the state-agent law of the Series 63 and the adviser material of the Series 65 into one 100-question test, and 45% of it is laws and regulations. Candidates who drill the legal and ethics half pass; candidates who assume their Series 7 product knowledge will carry them do not.

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  • Weighted the way the exam is: 45% laws, regulations and ethics
  • Every answer choice explained, including why the wrong ones are wrong
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The short answer

The Series 66 is NASAA's Uniform Combined State Law Examination, taken by candidates who want to register as both a securities agent and an investment adviser representative with one exam. It has 100 scored multiple-choice questions plus 10 unscored pretest items, a 150-minute time limit, and you must answer at least 73 of the 100 scored questions correctly to pass, which is 73%. The fee is $177. The Series 7 is a co-requisite, so you must also pass the Series 7, though the order does not matter. NASAA does not publish official pass rates. Aspirants.ai generates unlimited Series 66 test questions and full-length Series 66 practice exams across all four topic areas, explains every answer choice, and costs from $9 a month.

Last updated August 2026

Work the questions

Series 66 test questions and Series 66 exam questions with answers and explanations

Six Series 66 test questions in the style NASAA uses, weighted toward laws, regulations and ethics, which is 45 of the 100 scored questions. Read every rationale, including why the wrong answers are wrong.

Question 1 · Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

An investment adviser wants to sell a security out of its own inventory to an advisory client. Under the Investment Advisers Act, the adviser must:

  1. A. Disclose its capacity in writing and obtain client consent before completion of the transaction
  2. B. Disclose the transaction in the next quarterly statement
  3. C. Obtain written consent within 10 business days after the trade
  4. D. Do nothing, provided the price is fair
Show the answer and explanation

A. Disclose its capacity in writing and obtain client consent before completion of the transaction

This is a principal transaction, and Section 206(3) of the Investment Advisers Act requires written disclosure of the capacity in which the adviser is acting plus client consent, both obtained before the transaction is completed. The timing is the whole point of the question: consent after the fact is not consent, which rules out answers B and C. A fair price does not cure the conflict either, because the rule exists to expose the conflict rather than to police pricing. Note that consent is required trade by trade for principal transactions; a blanket consent buried in the advisory contract does not satisfy the rule.

Question 2 · Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

Under the Section 28(e) safe harbor, which of the following may an adviser pay for with client brokerage commissions?

  1. A. Office rent for the adviser's headquarters
  2. B. Third-party research reports used in making investment decisions
  3. C. Travel to an industry conference
  4. D. Salaries of the adviser's administrative staff
Show the answer and explanation

B. Third-party research reports used in making investment decisions

The Section 28(e) safe harbor lets an adviser use client commission dollars to obtain research and brokerage services that provide lawful and appropriate assistance in making investment decisions, and independent research reports are the textbook example. Everything else listed is an overhead cost of running the advisory business, and paying overhead with client commissions is exactly the abuse the safe harbor is drawn to exclude. The distinction the exam wants is between things that help the adviser decide what to buy for clients, which qualify, and things that simply reduce the adviser's own operating expenses, which do not. Soft dollar arrangements must also be disclosed in Form ADV.

Question 3 · Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

A client grants an adviser discretionary authority orally. Under the NASAA model rule, the adviser may exercise that discretion:

  1. A. Never, until written authorization is received
  2. B. For up to 10 business days from the initial discretionary transaction, pending written authorization
  3. C. For up to 30 calendar days
  4. D. Indefinitely, provided the client does not object
Show the answer and explanation

B. For up to 10 business days from the initial discretionary transaction, pending written authorization

The NASAA model rule gives a short grace period so a client who has verbally agreed is not blocked from having their account managed while paperwork is signed. The adviser may act on oral authority, but written authorization has to be in hand within 10 business days of the first discretionary transaction, and after that the discretion stops. Answer A is stricter than the rule actually is. Answer D describes negative consent, which is not a basis for discretionary authority. Keep this separate from a trading authorization for a third party, and separate again from the rule that a broker-dealer agent needs written authorization before any discretionary trade.

Question 4 · Client and Customer Investment Recommendations

A broker-dealer agent recommends a security to a retail customer. Which standard applies to that recommendation?

  1. A. The fiduciary standard under the Investment Advisers Act
  2. B. Regulation Best Interest
  3. C. No standard, because the customer directs the account
  4. D. The prudent investor rule
Show the answer and explanation

B. Regulation Best Interest

Regulation Best Interest governs recommendations of securities transactions or investment strategies made by broker-dealers and their agents to retail customers. It requires the firm to act in the retail customer's best interest at the time of the recommendation and imposes disclosure, care, conflict of interest and compliance obligations. The fiduciary standard in answer A attaches to investment advisers, which is the core distinction this exam draws between the two sides of the business. The prudent investor rule governs trustees managing assets for beneficiaries. Answer C is wrong because Regulation Best Interest attaches to the recommendation itself, whether or not the customer makes the final call.

Question 5 · Investment Vehicle Characteristics

Which of the following is a characteristic of a unit investment trust?

  1. A. It is actively managed by an investment adviser
  2. B. It has a board of directors
  3. C. It has a fixed portfolio and a set termination date
  4. D. Its shares trade on an exchange at a premium or discount
Show the answer and explanation

C. It has a fixed portfolio and a set termination date

A unit investment trust assembles a fixed portfolio at the outset, holds it largely unchanged and terminates on a predetermined date, at which point the assets are liquidated and distributed. Because the portfolio is not managed, there is no investment adviser making ongoing decisions and no board of directors, which is what separates a unit investment trust from the other two investment company types under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Answer D describes a closed-end fund, whose shares trade in the secondary market and can diverge from net asset value. Unit investment trust units are redeemable, so they are priced from net asset value rather than by supply and demand.

Question 6 · Economic Factors and Business Information

An investor earns a nominal return of 7% in a year when inflation is 3% and the investor's marginal tax rate is 25%. What is the approximate after-tax real return?

  1. A. 1.25%
  2. B. 2.25%
  3. C. 4.00%
  4. D. 5.25%
Show the answer and explanation

B. 2.25%

Order of operations decides this question. Tax is applied first, because you are taxed on the nominal return: 7% less 25% tax leaves an after-tax return of 5.25%. Inflation is then subtracted from that after-tax figure: 5.25% less 3% gives approximately 2.25%. Answer D stops after the tax step, and answer C stops after the inflation step, so both are partial calculations the question is designed to catch. Answer A comes from subtracting inflation first and then taxing, which understates the result because it applies the tax rate to a smaller base than the taxing authority actually uses.

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What the Series 66 exam looks like

The Series 66, formally the Uniform Combined State Law Examination, is written by the North American Securities Administrators Association and administered by FINRA at Prometric test centers. You get 110 multiple-choice questions in total: 100 that count toward your score and 10 unscored pretest items scattered through the exam without any marking. The time limit is 150 minutes, so you have about 82 seconds per question. Passing requires at least 73 of the 100 scored questions correct, which is 73%, a slightly higher bar than the Series 65 or Series 63. The fee is $177, paid to FINRA. The one structural thing that sets the Series 66 apart from the Series 65 is the co-requisite: you cannot use the Series 66 to register until you have also passed the Series 7. The order does not matter, so plenty of candidates sit the Series 7 first and the Series 66 a few weeks later.

  • 100 scored questions plus 10 unscored pretest items, 110 total
  • 150 minutes, roughly 82 seconds per question
  • Pass with 73 of 100 correct, which is 73%
  • Fee $177, and the Series 7 is a co-requisite

Series 66 exam breakdown: the NASAA content outline and the four topic areas

The Series 66 content outline NASAA publishes tells you exactly how the 100 scored questions are split, and the Series 66 leans much harder on law than the Series 65 does. Economic Factors and Business Information is 8% of the exam, about 8 questions. Investment Vehicle Characteristics is 17%, about 17 questions, on equities, fixed income, pooled products and derivatives. Client and Customer Investment Recommendations and Strategies is 30%, about 30 questions, covering client profiling, portfolio construction, tax and retirement considerations, and performance measurement. Laws, Regulations and Guidelines, including the prohibition on unethical business practices, is the single biggest area at 45%, about 45 questions. That 45% is the reason the Series 66 feels different: nearly half the exam is state and federal securities law and ethics, because the Series 66 absorbs the state-agent law that would otherwise be its own Series 63.

  • Economic Factors and Business Information: 8%, about 8 questions
  • Investment Vehicle Characteristics: 17%, about 17 questions
  • Client and Customer Investment Recommendations and Strategies: 30%, about 30 questions
  • Laws, Regulations and Guidelines: 45%, about 45 questions

Series 66 or Series 65: which one should you take?

This is the question that sends most people to this page, and the answer turns on one fact: are you taking the Series 7? The Series 66 has the Series 7 as a co-requisite, so it only makes sense if you are already at a broker-dealer or dually registered firm that is putting you through the Series 7 anyway. In that case the Series 66 is the efficient path: one exam and one $177 fee register you as both an agent and an adviser representative, instead of sitting the Series 63 and the Series 65 separately. If you are going independent, joining a registered investment adviser, or otherwise will not hold a Series 7, you cannot use the Series 66 at all, and the Series 65 is your exam because it stands alone with no co-requisite. The content overlaps heavily, but the Series 66 is shorter (100 scored questions versus 130) precisely because it assumes the product knowledge the Series 7 already tested.

  • Take the Series 66 only if you are also taking the Series 7
  • One exam, one $177 fee registers you as agent and adviser rep
  • No Series 7 in your plan? Take the Series 65 instead, it stands alone
  • The Series 66 is shorter because the Series 7 covers the products

Series 66 practice test, Series 66 sample questions and Series 66 flashcards: what actually raises a score

These three things get searched interchangeably and they do very different jobs. A Series 66 practice test means a timed run at 100 questions in 150 minutes, and its value is almost entirely diagnostic: it tells you where you sit against the 73% bar and whether your pacing survives the law-heavy back half. Sit two or three, no more, because full-length runs eat three hours each and teach you less per hour than focused work. Series 66 sample questions are the opposite: short sets you work untimed, reading every rationale, which is where the actual learning happens. Series 66 flashcards are worth building for exactly one thing, the definitional material that the Uniform Securities Act turns on, which means the statutory definitions of security, agent, broker-dealer, investment adviser and investment adviser representative, plus the exclusions and exemptions attached to each. Those are recall items and flashcards suit them. Everything else on this exam is applied judgment (is this practice unethical, does this person need to register, what must be disclosed and when), and no flashcard teaches that. The working ratio most people who pass end up with is roughly one full-length practice test for every four or five hours of untimed question review.

  • Series 66 practice tests are for diagnosis and pacing: two or three is enough
  • Series 66 sample questions worked untimed with rationales is where scores move
  • Series 66 flashcards suit the statutory definitions and exclusions, nothing else
  • Roughly one full-length run per four to five hours of question review

How hard is the Series 66 and how long to study

NASAA does not publish official pass rates for the Series 66, so any specific figure you see comes from a prep provider's own student data rather than the regulator. Provider estimates commonly land in the 65% to 73% range for first-time candidates, and the exam is widely considered a notch tougher than the Series 63 because of that 45% law weighting and the higher 73% pass mark. For someone who has just passed the Series 7, the product material feels familiar and the work is concentrated in the law, ethics and adviser-specific rules. Most candidates study 20 to 40 hours over two to four weeks when the Series 7 is fresh, and more if it has been a while. The reliable predictor is not hours logged but how many exam-style questions on the Uniform Securities Act, fiduciary duty and prohibited practices you have worked and reviewed.

  • NASAA publishes no official Series 66 pass rate
  • Provider estimates run roughly 65% to 73% first time, unverified
  • 20 to 40 hours over two to four weeks is common when the Series 7 is fresh
  • The law and ethics 45% is where the exam is won or lost

Retakes, exam validity and registration

If you fail, NASAA requires a minimum 30-day wait before your second attempt, another 30 days before your third, and a minimum of 180 days before a fourth attempt and every attempt after that. There is no lifetime cap. Passing the Series 66 starts the same two-year clock the other NASAA exams use: your credit is valid for two years, and if you do not register with a state inside that window the exam expires and you sit it again. Because the Series 7 is a co-requisite, your Series 66 credit is only usable once the Series 7 is also passed and active, so keep both current. NASAA's Exam Validity Extension Program can stretch the two-year window to five years if you enroll through your FinPro account, pay the annual fee and complete the continuing education, but only in states that have adopted the program.

  • 30-day wait after a first or second failure, 180 days after a third
  • No lifetime cap on Series 66 attempts
  • Exam credit expires two years after passing if you never register
  • The Series 7 co-requisite must be passed for the credit to be usable

Can the Series 66 be waived?

The professional designation waivers that skip the Series 65 do not map cleanly onto the Series 66, because the Series 66 is a combined exam tied to the Series 7. States that grant waivers for the adviser portion generally point CFP, CFA, ChFC, PFS, CIC and now CIMA holders toward the standalone Series 65 route rather than the Series 66. In practice, if you qualify for a designation waiver you will usually take the Series 65 path, and the Series 66 is the exam you sit when you are going through the Series 7 at a broker-dealer and want a single combined registration. A waiver, where it applies, removes only the exam: you still file Form U4, clear a background check and pay your state fees, and acceptance varies by state, so confirm with your state securities administrator before you rely on it.

  • Designation waivers generally point you to the Series 65, not the Series 66
  • CFP, CFA, ChFC, PFS, CIC and CIMA are the qualifying designations
  • A waiver skips the exam, not Form U4, the background check or state fees
  • State acceptance varies, so confirm with your state administrator

Compare the options

Series 66 versus Series 65 versus Series 63

The three NASAA exams side by side, on current FINRA-published specifications.

Series 66 Series 65 Series 63
What it qualifies you for Both agent and adviser representative Investment adviser representative Broker-dealer agent
Scored questions 100 (plus 10 unscored) 130 (plus 10 unscored) 60 (plus 5 unscored)
Time limit 150 minutes 180 minutes 75 minutes
Correct answers to pass 73 of 100 (73%) 92 of 130 (70.8%) 43 of 60 (71.7%)
Fee $177 $187 $147
Series 7 required? Yes, as a co-requisite No No
Law and regulation weighting 45% of the exam 30% of the exam 100% state law

Specifications and fees from FINRA's qualification exam pages, July 2026. Waiting periods after a failure are the same for all three: 30 days, 30 days, then 180 days.

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Series 66 practice questions, answered straight.

The Series 66 has 100 scored multiple-choice questions plus 10 unscored pretest items, for 110 questions in total. The time limit is 150 minutes, which is roughly 82 seconds per question. The pretest items are mixed in without any marking, so treat every question as if it counts toward your score.

The Series 66 is the Uniform Combined State Law Examination, written by the North American Securities Administrators Association and administered by FINRA. It qualifies you to register in a state as both a securities agent and an investment adviser representative from a single sitting, which is why it exists: it folds the Series 63 state-agent law and the Series 65 adviser material into one 100-question test. It is a co-requisite exam, so it only counts once you have also passed the Series 7.

You must answer at least 73 of the 100 scored questions correctly to pass the Series 66, which is 73%. That is a slightly higher bar than the Series 65 at 70.8% or the Series 63 at 71.7%. The 10 unscored pretest questions do not count either way, and there is no penalty for guessing, so answer every question.

The Series 7 is a co-requisite for the Series 66, not a strict prerequisite. You can pass the Series 66 first, but you cannot use it to register as a securities agent or adviser representative until you have also passed the Series 7. The order does not matter; passing both is what matters. Most candidates sit the Series 7 first and the Series 66 shortly after.

NASAA does not publish official Series 66 pass rates, so no verified figure exists. Prep providers estimate roughly 65% to 73% for first-time candidates based on their own student data. The exam is widely considered a step harder than the Series 63 because 45% of it is law and regulation and the pass mark is 73%. Treat every number you see as an estimate.

Take the Series 66 if you are already taking the Series 7 at a broker-dealer, because one exam and one $177 fee register you as both an agent and an adviser representative. Take the Series 65 if you will not hold a Series 7, since it stands alone with no co-requisite and is the only route for independent advisers and career changers.

Most candidates study 20 to 40 hours over two to four weeks when the Series 7 is still fresh, because the product material overlaps and the new work is concentrated in law, ethics and adviser rules. Spend the majority of that time on the Uniform Securities Act, fiduciary duty and prohibited practices, which together drive the 45% law weighting.

There is no lifetime cap on Series 66 attempts. NASAA requires a minimum 30-day wait after a first failure, another 30 days after a second, and 180 days after a third failure and every attempt after that. Your firm may impose its own limits, so confirm before you rebook.

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